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self-authorship is essential to these sites and through self-
authorship college students reveal cultural and campus
norms, and construct counter-narratives. Students signal
cultural and social cues that refect economic and other
social conditions that defne their experiences on campus.
As part of an ecology of student development that features
identity development, social media sites present and
highlight racial, ethnic and gender narratives. Among
college students, self-presentation and communication
on Facebook are bodied relations and exchanges; each
communication can signal individual and group identities
marked by the conditions of their lived experiences. Tus,
because social media are constituted by user autonomy and
context, we can begin to see the potential in these sites for
providing students with a space for critically engaging in
productive academic relationships. (p. 12)
Social Media Policy
As noted above, the institution “directs and determines the
norms of relationship” on social media sites; this direction and
determination are termed social media policy. There are legal,
human resources, and regulatory compliance considerations
when designing a social media policy for accounts established
to create the “critical engagement” outlined. Legal terms
and privacy top the list, and there should be a disclosure
that anything posted on the page can be used for publication

Foreign Students Studying in the U.S.

AUSTRALIA/PACIFIC ISLANDS
AFRICA
SOUTH AMERICA
NORTH/CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN
EUROPE
ASIA

0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000

Asian Students Studying in the U.S.
in marketing, research, and other related uses. Publicity is
one of the best uses of the medium and much of the content
posted promotes events, activities, and student recruitment.
There are 1.13 million foreign students in the U.S., the vast
majority in college-degree programs, according to a 2015
quarterly report released by the Department of Homeland
Security (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2015).
This represents a 14% increase over 2014, nearly 50% more
than in 2010, and 85% more than in 2005. Amid rising costs,
shrinking state support, and student resistance to tuition
increases, foreign students have become a crucial part of
■ CHINA 39% ■ INDIA 17% ■ SOUTH KOREA 10% budgetary components for many colleges and universities.
■ SAUDI ARABIA 9% ■ JAPAN 3% ■ REST OF ASIA 21% Some hire foreign consultants to recruit students overseas,
some send their own staff on scouting missions, while others
From “SEVP Student and Exchange Visitor Program: Student and Exchange Visitor are turning to social media sites like LinkedIn to recruit in-
Information System” by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2015 state, out-of-state, and international students (Jordan, 2015).

LEADERSHIP Vol. 22.1 Spring/Summer 2016 33

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